III. Directions： For each of the following blanks， only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. （25%）
1. The England Civil War not only overthrew _____ in England， but also undermined the feudal rule in Europe.
2. Two of the most important literary writers of the late 17th Century England were _____ and _____. Both were Puritans.
3. During the WW II， the leaders of the United States， the Soviet Union and Britain met at ______， _______ and _______ conferences.
4. The American War of Independence show that a ______ nation can defeat a _______ one.
5. Canada's early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______： fishing， forestry， _______ and mining.
6. Britain is a welfare state which is funded out of ______ and ______.
7. The government education departments _____ education policies and are also responsible for the ________ and training of teachers.
8. The South's lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.
9. The Senate serves a term of _____ years， and every two years， _______ of the Senators stands for re - election.
10. Fianna Fail continues to demand that the British be withdrawn from ______ but it opposes the use of violence to achieve this goal.
11. Australia's two territories are Australian Capital Territory and ________.
12. Australia's rural children can learn their lessons through a radio educational system called _____.
13. According to the Treaty of Waitangi， if Maori owners wanted to sell _______， only the Crown had the right to ______.
14. Mrs. Thatcher's government used both _____ and _______ policies to improve the efficiency of the British economy in the 1980's.
15. In 1885 ________ was completed and the country was linked from coast to coast.
16. Ireland is a ______ republic and a unitary state under the 1937 Constitution.
17. The highest peak of Britain is ______. It is about ________ meters high， located in the Highlands of Scotland.
18. ________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.
19. In the 1770s _______ visited New Zealand and claimed it for England.
20. The New York Stock Market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of ________.
21. By 1918 car _______ had reached 2.5 million， which showed the United States was on the way to becoming a nation on ______.
22. The Paris Conference ending the First World War was dominated by the Big Four： the United States， _______， France， and _______.
23. Many of Canada's earliest settlements were founded by fur traders and _______.
24. Besides the Great Lakes， Canada is also endowed with three “inland seas”， known as _______， Lake Winnipeg and ________.
25. In the UK， the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______， with is one leader， and forms a ________.
26. The Governor - General of a Commonwealth state is appointed by the Queen on the advice of ______ of the country concerned and completely independent of the British Government.
27. In 1453 England was at last defeated in the ______ Years War. At that time power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ______ nobles.
28. During the First Civil War of the England Bourgeois Revolution， those who stood on the side of the king were called ________ and those who supported the Parliament were called ______ because of their short haircuts.
29. The legislative body in the province of Quebec is called the “National Assembly” while in Newfoundland it is called ________.
30. Canadian law has its source in ______ and judicial _____， and also in British “common law”。
31. During World War II， Australian women took over the _______ left vacant by men who were engaged in the _______ effort.
[NextPage]
IV. Directions： Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. （15%）
1. Thatcherism
2. diversity of American education
3. the Canadian Shield
4. Australia's service industries
5. the New Deal
V. Directions： Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. （12%）
1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges， rivers and lakes in the United States.
2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today？
How many members are there in the House of Commons？
3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines？
4. Sinn Fein
VI. Directions： Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. （8%）
1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today？
[NextPage]
全国高等教育自学考试模拟试卷（二）
英语国家概况参考答案
I.
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. D
17. B
18. D
19. C
20. A
21. B
22. D
23. A
24. C
25. A
[NextPage]
II.
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. T
9. T
10. T
11. F
12. T
13. T
14. F
15. T
III.
1. the feudal system
2. John Bunyon， John Milton
3. Teheran； Yalta； Potsdam
4. strong
5. industry； agriculture
6. contributions national insurance， taxation
7. formulate； supply
8. abundant； raw
9. one， one third
10. Northern Ireland
11. Northern Territory
12. School of the air
13. land； buy
[NextPage]
14. macreconomic， microeconomic
15. the Canadian Pacific Railway
16. Parliamentary
17. Ben Nevis； 1，3000
18. England
19. Captain James Cook
20. the Great Depression
21. registration； wheels
22. Britain； Italy
23. trappers
24. Great Bear Lake； Great Slave Lake
25. the Opposition， Shadow cabinet
26. the ministers
27. Hundred， ambitious
28. Cavaliers， Roundheads
29. House of Assembly
30. Acts； decisions
31. jobs， wars
[NextPage]
IV.
1. Thatcherism
The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries， the use of monetarist policies to control inflation， the weakening of trade unions， the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy， and an emphasis on law and order.
2. diversity of American education
Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type， size and control of the institutions， but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution， education is a function of the state， not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts， many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.
3. the Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills， and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.
4. Australia's service industries
Service industries are also called “tertiary industy”。 This sector now includes an additional “quaternary” level， which covers the research， processing and storage of information. Australia's service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance， due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing， and the expansion by government of educational， health and welfare services.
5. the New Deal
In order to deal with the Depression， President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.
V.
1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges， rivers and lakes in the United States.
There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches， the Missouri River and the Ohio River， flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers： the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior， Lake Michigan， Lake Huron， Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.
2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today？
How many members are there in the House of Commons？
To hold general elections， Britain is divided into 651 constituencies， each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commnos.
3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines？
White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. （1） Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. （2） The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. （3） After losing their land， Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol， which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. （4） The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. （5） All these， combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal， political， economic and social discrimination today.
4. Sinn Fein
Sinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties， Fianna Fail and Fine Gael， which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.
VI.
1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today？
There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.
（1） During the Ratification period， the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights， the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. （2） After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson， the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified， the majority of the Whig Party， part of the democrats， and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. （3） From 1860s to 1920s， the Republican Party dominated the political scene. （4） From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s， the Democratic Party was dominant， with short interruptions.
Traditionally， the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism， defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.