Common Problems, Common Solutions
The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago --- and decided it's not for you.
The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers -- there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.
And finally it's a pretty safe bet that you're open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers -- or you wouldn't be reading this.
And those three things make you incredibly important today.
Because they mean that yours is the voice -- not the smoker's and not the anti-smoker's --that will determine how much of society's efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.
For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on " education " (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.
There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.
But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society's interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.
Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.
1. What does the word " wall " used in the passage mean?
A) Anti-smoking propaganda.
B) Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.
C) Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.
D) Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.
2. In paragraph 4, " you " refers to
A) smokers.
B) nonsmokers.
C) anti-smokers.
D) smokers who have quitted smoking.
3. It is evident that the author is not in favor of
A) building a wall between smokers and nonsmokers.
B) doing scientific research at the expense of one's health.
C) bringing smokers and nonsmokers together.
D) proving accommodation for smokers.
4. As is suggested, the common solution to the common problem is
A) to separate people from people.
B) to work together in mutual accommodation.
C) to make us more keenly aware of choice.
D) to serve society's interests better.
5. According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders' actions
A) optimistically.
B) pessimistically.
C)unconcernedly.
D) skeptically.第3篇
Eady or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parems during
The sensitive“attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and
I premspose to emotional problems in later life．Some people have drawn the conclusion from
Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails，and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion． Firstly，anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parems；found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies．For example，in some tribal societies，such as the Ngoni，the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it'．Secondly，common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents
care-takers found children had problems with it．Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out，and even if they were，the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial．Thirdly．in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care，and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slighfly positive effect on children’S development．But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby’S analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects．The possibility that such care might 1cad tO，say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later Callonly be explored by the use of statistics．Whatever the long—term effects，parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with。．Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time．The matter，then，is far from clear-cuff，though experxence and available evidence indicate that earl care is reasonable for lnfants．
词汇：
psychoanalyst n．精神分析学家一心理分析学家 insulate vt．隔绝
rear vt．抚养 predispose引起易感性
care taker n.照顾者，看管人 entail／in。tell／vt．蕴涵
infant n．婴儿 anthropologist n．人类学家
练习：
1． Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A)Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car
for children at the age of three or older．
B)Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children．
C)The first three years of one’s life is extremely important to the later developmentof
personality．
D)Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children
over three

2． Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’S work?
A)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three．
B)Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child’S development．
C)A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems
in laterlife．
D)Daycarewouldnotbe SOpopularffithasnoticeablenegativeeffects onachild，Spersonality．
3． It is suggested that modem societies differ from traditional societies in that
A)the parents—child relationship is more exclusive in modem societies．
B)a child more often grows up with his(her brothers or sisters in traditional societies．
C)mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies．
D)children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years
4． Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby,s theonr?
A)Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children’S development．
B)The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe．
C)The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional
societies．
D)Parentsfindtheimmediate effects ofearlyday caredifficultto dealwith．
5 Which of the following best expresses the writer’S attitude towards early day care?
A)Children under three should stay with their parents．
B)Early day care has positive effects on children’s development．
C)The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics．
D)Theeffectsofearlydaycareon children areexaggeratedandparents shouldignoretheissue．[NextPage]

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
Why do people shrink?
A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
B. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again.
C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced.
D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking.
E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.
F. But why does shrinking happen at all?

第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Something Men Do Not Like to Do
Eric Brown hates shopping．“It’S just not enjoyable to me，”said the 28．year．old．Chicagoman
who was carrying several shopping bags along the city’S main street，Michigan Avenue．“When
I, m out____1___，I basically know what 1 want to get．I rush in．I buy it．I___2___’
Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop．You Can ask generations of men．But people
who study shopping say that a number of social，cultural and economic factors are now
___3___this“men-hate,to-shop”notion．-
“___4___social class，ethnicity,age—men say they hate to shop，”says Sharon Zukin，
a City University of New York sociology professor．“Yet when you ask them deeper questionsit
turns out that they___5___tO shop．Men generally like to shop for___6___，music and
hardware．But if you ask them about the shopping they do for books or music，they’11 say
‘Well' that’S not shopping．That’s ___7___…
In other words，what men and women call“buying things’’and how they approach thattask
are ___8____
Women will___ 9___ through several 1,000．square．metre stores in search 0f the perfect
party dress．Men will wander through 100 Interuet sites in search of the___lO___digital
camcorder．
Women see shopping as a social event．Men see it as a mission or a___11___to be won．
“Men are frequently shopping to win，’’says Mary Ann McGrath，a marketing professorat
Loyola University of Chicago．“They want to get the best deal.They want to get the bestone，
Thelast one and if they do that it__12__them happy．”
When women shop，“they’re doing it in a way where they want__l3__ to be very
happy,”says McGrath．“They’re kind of2shopping for love．”
In fact。it is in clothing where we see a male-female__14__most clearly．Why,
grumble some men，are all male clothes navy，grey,black or brown?But would they wear 1ight
green andpink?
These days，many guys wear a sort of“uniform”，says Paco Underhill，author of“Why We Bye”,“It’S been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion．Conscious in a business way. It becomes much，much easier if you__15__your range of choices．”
词汇：
guy n．家伙，伙计
wander n．漫游，闲游
mission n．任务，使命
grumble n．抱怨，发牢骚
ethnicity n．种族特点
camcorder n．摄像放像机
deal n．交易
练习：
1．A)playing B)fishing C)shopping D)travelling
2．A)get out B)stay in C)look round D)move about
3。A)confirming． B)challenging C)proving D)supporting
4．A)Regardless of B)Becauseof C)Owingto D)Thanksto
5．A)want B)like C)hate D)hope
6．A)coats B)pants C)socks D)books
7．A)relaxation B)rest C)exercise D)，research
8．A)similar B)inclusive C)contradictory D)diffe：rent
9．A)wander B)go C)walk D)run
10.A)cheap B)fashionable C)presentable D)perfect
11．A)task B)play C)game D)destination
12．A)brings B)causes C)makes D)keeps
13．A)everybody B)nobody C)anybody D)no one
14．A)competition B)comparison C)division D)confrontation
15．A)broaden B)expand C)extend D)narrow