debt-to-equity swap
　　债转股
　　the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar
　　港元的联系汇率制
　　bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan
　　坏帐、呆帐、死帐
　　anti-dumping measures against ……
　　反倾销措施
　　deflation
　　通货紧缩
　　inflation
　　通货膨胀
　　quota-free products
　　非配额产品
　　investment in non-productive projects
　　非生产性投资
　　risk management/ assessment
　　风险管理/评估
　　venture capital
　　风险基金
　　loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
　　风险准备金
　　revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises
　　搞活国有大中型企业
　　scale economy/ economies of scale
　　规模经济
　　state-owned cooperatives
　　国合企业（即国有合作社）
　　balance of international payments/ balance of payment
　　国际收支
　　disequilibrium of balance of payment
　　国际收支不平衡
　　public subsidies
　　国家补贴
　　state foreign exchange reserves
　　国家现汇结存
　　guide rational consumption
　　合理引导消费
　　seasonal price adjustments
　　季节性调价
　　established/accomplished facts
　　既成事实
　　scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development
　　技工贸结合的科技型企业
　　labor-intensive enterprises
　　劳动密集性企业
　　unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises
　　乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费
　　millennium bug
　　千年问题、千年虫
　　technological updating of enterprises
　　企业技术改造
　　subsidies to cover enterprise losses
　　企业亏损补贴
　　grant the national treatment to
　　实行国民待遇
　　pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development
　　平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针
　　“bottleneck”restrictions
　　瓶颈制约
　　Business Terms (Update 3)
　　Trade Sanction
　　贸易制裁
　　Trade Reciprocity
　　贸易互惠
　　Multilateral Environmental Agreement
　　多边环境协议
　　Harmonization of Standards
　　标准统一
　　Investment Regime
　　投资管理体制
　　Action Plan
　　行动计划
　　Financial and Budgetary Provisions
　　财政及预算拨款
　　Efficient Allocation of Resources
　　资源有效配置
　　Financial Instrument
　　金融工具
　　Spin-off
　　脱离母公司的公司
　　Start-up
　　新成立的企业
　　Industry Consolidation
　　产业联合
　　Management Buyout
　　买断产权或管理权
　　Return on Investment
　　投资回报
　　Labor-intensive
　　劳动力密集型
　　Emerging Markets
　　新兴市场
　　Chain of Command
　　控制链
　　Quality Initiative
　　质量改进努力
　　Publicly Traded Companies
　　公开上市交易的公司
　　Tax Refund出口退税