句子层面
1、调整结构
He spoke with understandable pride of his experience.
他自豪地讲起他的经历，这是可以理解的。
2、加词解释
(1)意义或修饰上增词
Enclosed is our latest catalogue.
随函附上我们最新的商品目录。
Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or country to capture the market.
贸易战是一个公司或国家为占领市场而做出无情的决定引起的。(增加了动词“做出”)
With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism.
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义呀!(增加了形容词“高的”)
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这部打字机真是价廉物美。(增加了形容词前的名词)
The two countries cooperated militarily, politically and economically.
两国在军事、政治和经济等方面进行了合作。(增加“等方面”表示概括性的词)
(2)句法上增词
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。(增加了省略的动词)
3、减词省略
We live and learn.
活到老，学到老。(省略了泛指人称代词we)
汉语词语之间多是意合关系，而英语则是形合关系，因此英译汉时连词常省略。
Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
实际上一切物质都是热胀冷缩的。(省略了时间连词when)
一般来说，表示时间和地点的介词，译成汉语如出现在句首，大多可以省略不译。
The People’s Republic of China was founded in October, 1949.
1949年10月中华人民共和国成立。(省略表时间的介词)
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
公共场所不许吸烟。(省略表地点的介词)
4、重复
Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。(重复介词前省略的名词)
Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.
阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口才，写作训练人的思维。(重复动词)
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
他讨厌失败，他一生中途曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。(重复代词代替的名词)
Wherever oppressions existed, there would be resistance.
哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗。(重复wherever等关系代词和副词)
5、正反转换
The two sides said they keep mum over the deal because it was only tentative.
签约双方都说不想张扬是因为交易本身尚未最后定夺。
We may safely say so.
我们这样说万无一失。
It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.
他无权签订这种合同。
The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.
虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。
All the articles are untouchable in the museum.
博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。
6、被动语态
I was told that there is something wrong with the new order .
我听说新定单出了点问题。
Government involvement is generally considered to be detrimental to competition and the optimal allocation of the factors of production.
人们普遍认为政府干预只会对竞争不利，只会有损于生产要素的最佳配置。
