３．Shipping-related Terms 航运有关术语
　　A. 承运人
　　Shipping Lines 航运公司
　　Common carriers 公共承运人
　　OCC Ocean Common Carrier 远洋公共承运人
　　VOCC Vessel-Operating Common Carrier 船舶承运人
　　Vessel Sharing Carriers 共用舱位承运人
　　NVOCC 无船承运人
　　Master NVOCC 主装无船承运人
　　Tendering NVOCC 交运货物的无船承运人
　　Contract NVOCC 签约无船承运人
　　MTO Multi-modal Transport Operator 多式联运经营人
　　An MTO deals with all matters in relation to the conveyance of cargo　entrusted to him from the point of shipment to the place of delivery,　documentation and arrangements with sub-contractors at various
　　breaking points to facilitate expeditious movement of cargo. In most　cases it is necessary for him to appoint agents or correspondents at　various points or even maintain subsidiary concerns at important
　　transshipping points to attend to all the work necessary in connection　with the movement of cargo. He assumes responsibility for the　performance of the contract.
　　MTO Marine Terminal Operator 海运码头经营者
　　Vessel Operation MTO 经营多式联运的船舶承运人
　　NVO-MTO may be a road operator/rail operator/
　　airline operator/freight forwarder 不营运船舶的多式联运经营人
　　Controlled Carrier 受控承运人
　　Rates must be “just and reasonable” - compensatory.
　　运价必须是”公正的和合理的“－具有补偿性的
　　30 days notice required to increase or reduce tariff rates.
　　运价的上涨和下调登记30天后生效
　　Conference Carrier 公会承运人
　　Independent carriers 独立承运人
　　9th largest carrier serving the US 美线第9大承运人
　　Consortium ( Group of carriers pooling resources in a trade lane
　　to maximize their resources effectively ) 联盟
　　Alliance 联盟
　　Ｂ. 竞争
　　Competitors 竞争对手
　　Player 竞争参与者（对手）
　　Foreclose from 。。排斥在外
　　To preserve legitimate competition among all common carriers
　　保持公共承运人之间的合法竞争
　　C. 运输模式、网络
　　Transportation Network 运输网络
　　Pendulum Service 钟摆式服务模式
　　Loop Service 环扣式服务模式
　　Trunk Service / Line 干线
　　Feeder Service vessel employed in normally short sea routes to fetch or carry
　　goods/containers to and from ocean-going vessels 支线
　　Common Feeder 公共支线
　　Coastal Transport 沿海运输
　　Barge / Lighter 驳船
　　D. 船
　　Self-owned Vessels 自有船
　　Time-chartered Vessels 期租船
　　Inbound Vessel / Homebound 进口（回程）船
　　Outgoing / Outbound Vessel 出口船
　　Liner Vessel plying a regular trade against a published sailing schedule 班轮
　　Slot Space on board a vessel occupied by a container 箱位
　　E. 航班 / 次
　　A weekly sailing 周班
　　A fixed day sailing 定日航班
　　A Friday（Tuesday / Thursday）sailing 周五班
　　A fortnight sailing 双周班
　　A bi-weekly sailing 周双班
　　A monthly sailing 每月班
　　On-schedule arrival / departure 准班抵离
　　Sailing frequency 航次密度
　　ETA Estimated(Expected) Time of Arrival 预计到达时间
　　ETB Estimated（Expected）Time of Berthing 预计靠泊时间
　　ETCD Estimated Time of Commencing Discharge 预计开卸时间
　　ETCL Estimated Time of Commencing Loading 预计开装时间
　　ETD Estimated(Expected) Time of Departure 预计离泊时间
　　The sailing Schedule/Vessels are subject to change without prior notice。 船期/船舶如有变
　　更将不作事先通知
　　Closing Date Last day on which export cargo can be accepted 截止申报时间
　　for a nominated sailing.
　　Cut-off time Latest possible time the cargo may be delivered to 截关日
　　the vessel or designated point。： [NextPage]

　　. 港
　　Base Port 基本港
　　POD Port of Discharge （DPORT） / port of delivery 卸港
　　POD place of delivery 卸货地
　　Port of Arrival / Departure 抵达 / 驶离港
　　POL Port of Loading （LPORT） 装港
　　Port of Call 挂港
　　2nd Leg 第二挂港
　　FND Final Destination 交货目的地
　　end of carrier liability where carrier delivers the cargo to consignee
　　Skip Over 跳（甩）港
　　Change of port of call 改港
　　Optional Port 选择港
　　COD Change of Destination 更改目的地（改港）
　　Deviate 弯（绕）港
　　Diversions the route of a shipment changed in transit from that shown on B/L 弯港
　　Port congestion 压港（港口拥挤）
　　Lay Time in Port 在港装卸时间
　　G．码头
　　Intercoastal water service between points on the Atlantic and
　　the Pacific Coasts 美国东西岸水路运输
　　Intermodal movement of cargo or container between motor，rail or water carriers 多式联运
　　Port / Port 9 港口/码头（上港九区）
　　Dock 码头
　　Quay 码头
　　Terminal 班轮靠泊码头
　　Container Terminal also referred to as a Container Yard (CY), A facility that
　　receives full export containers from one shipper to loading
　　the vessel and delivers full import containers to the consignee
　　after; it is the same location where ocean vessels are loaded
　　& unloaded. 集装箱码头
　　Wharf 靠泊码头
　　Jetty 突堤码头
　　STEVES Stevedores 码头工人
　　Docker 码头工人
　　Berth 泊位
　　Loading Berth 装箱泊位
　　Quayside / Apron 码头前沿
　　Depot container freight station or a designated area where empty
　　containers can be picked up or dropped off 集装箱堆场/储运站
　　Container Loading List 集装箱装船报
　　Bay plan 预配图 / 集装箱船积载图（表）
　　Slot No。 舱位（号码）
　　Pallet A platform with/without sides，on which packages
　　may be loaded to facilitate handling 托盘
　　Stacking Yard 集装箱堆场
　　Bay number 排数
　　Row number 列数
　　Tier number 层高数
　　L/W/H Length/Width/Height 长/宽/高
　　On Deck containers 甲板以上装箱
　　Under Deck containers ( below ship containers) 甲板以下装箱
　　The ratio of under deck and on deck containers
　　being 3 : 1 甲板上与舱内箱位数量比3：1
　　Deck storage, normally treated as being stowed under deck,
　　is definitely prone to accidents. 虽风险较大甲板装箱仍应视同舱内装箱
　　The capacity utility rate 箱位利用率
　　Load Factor percentage of loaded containers against total capacity
　　of vessel or allocation 装船率（所装箱量占全船箱位或口岸配额之比例）
　　TDR Terminal Departure Report 离码头报告
　　H．装、拆箱
　　Pack/Stuff/Van （-ing） stowing cargo in a container 装箱
　　Devanning the removal of cargo from a container。
　　Also known as unstuffing，unpacking，unloading or stripping 拆箱
　　Consolidation ( the combination of many small shipments into one container ) 拼装
　　CLP Container Load Plan A document prepared to show all details of cargo
　　loaded in a container e.g. weight ( individual and total), measurement,
　　markings, shippers, consignees, the origin & destination of goods
　　and location of cargo within the container 集装箱配载图
　　Container Number the unique identification of a container 箱号
　　Seal 集装箱箱封
　　Container Seal Number the number of high security seals provided by the carrier 箱封号
　　Locked and Sealed 集装箱已锁妥、封好
　　Partial Shipment 分批装运： [NextPage]

　　I．吊
　　Shore Crane / Gantry Crane 岸吊
　　Portainer 集装箱岸吊
　　Mobile Crane 汽车吊
　　Fork Lift 叉车
　　Loading Platform 装卸平台
　　J． 保税
　　Bonded Area 保税区
　　Bonded Goods ( Goods in Bond) 保税货物
　　Bonded Warehouse 保税库
　　Caged stored at bonded warehouse 进入海关监管
　　K． 集卡
　　Road Transportation 公路运输
　　Lorry with IC Card 有白卡的集卡
　　Chassis a wheeled flat bed or a trailer to accommodate
　　containers moving over the road 集卡
　　Tractor 牵引车/拖头
　　Low-bed 低平板车
　　Trailer 拖车
　　Transporter 拖车
　　DST Double Stack Train，capable of carrying 2 x 40’ 可装2个高（双层）的火车
　　Trucking Company 车队（汽车运输公司）
　　Haulage / Drayage 驳运/汽车陆运
　　Truck Transfer 汽车驳运
　　Axle load 轴负荷
　　Tire-load 轮胎负荷
　　Toll Gate 收费口
　　L． 船代
　　Shipping agent 船舶代理
　　Local shipping agent 当地船代
　　Handling Agent 操作代理
　　Booking Agent the party who secures FOB cargo 订舱代理
　　Shipping Agency network 代理网络
　　Boarding Agent / Clerk 代理外勤（登轮）
　　Cargo Canvassing 揽货
　　FFF Freight Forwarding Fee 货代佣金
　　Brokerage / Commission 佣金
　　M． 供应
　　Procurement 采购
　　Ship-chandler 船舶供应商
　　Bunker Supplier 船舶燃料供应公司
　　Seamen’s Club 海员俱乐部
　　Travel Agency 旅行社
　　Couriers UPS/TNT/HDS/EMS 快递
　　N． 订舱
　　Booking 订舱
　　Booking Note 订舱单
　　Booking Number 订舱号
　　Dock Receipt a form used to acknowledge receipt of cargo at a pier 场站收据
　　M/F (Manifest ) a manifest that lists only cargo, without freight and charges 舱单
　　Cable/Telex Release 电放
　　A Circular Letter 通告信/通知书
　　PIC Person in Charge 具体负责操作人员
　　The said party 所涉及的一方
　　On Board B/L A B/L in which a carrier acknowledges that goods have been placed
　　on board a certain vessel。Used to satisfy the requirements of a L/C On Board提单
　　Shut-Out containers/goods not carried on intended vessel 漏装箱
　　Missed Voyage Container 漏装箱
　　Cancellation 退关箱
　　O．中转
　　In bound vessel or cargo going to port of discharge or final destination 进口
　　In transit 中转
　　Transportation hub 中转港
　　Strategically located hubs 地处战略要地的中转港
　　T/S Transshipping / Transshipment 转运/转口
　　MLB Mini-Land Bridge / Mini-Bridge
　　cargo moving from/to an inland destination on one B/L
　　from/to a foreign port through 2 US ports 小陆桥
　　Mislaid in transit 中转途中错卸
　　BP Base Port 基本港
　　Prompt release 即时放行
　　Permit for its unloading 允许卸船
　　PTT Permit to Transfer 中转货出港放行证
　　Transit time 航程时间 / 中转时间
　　Cargo availability at destination in。。 货物运抵目的地
　　Second Carrier （第）二程船
　　On carriage / second carriage 二程运输
　　Service-related Terms 运输条款相关术语
　　A. CY/CY (Y/Y) This CY to CY service means: 场到场
　　FCL/FCL Containers packed by Shippers off Carrier’s
　　premises, and delivered to Carrier’s CY, accepted
　　by Consignee at Carrier’s CY and unpacked off
　　Carrier’s premises, all at the risk and expense of
　　the cargo.。。for pick up intact by consignee
　　B. CY/CFS (Y/S) This CY to CFS service means : 场到站
　　FCL/LCL Containers packed by Shippers off Carrier’s
　　premises and Delivered to Carrier’s CY, Unpacked
　　by the Carrier at the destination port CFS, All at the
　　risk and expense of the cargo 。。devanned by the
　　carrier for loose pick up
　　C. CFS/CFS (S/S) This CFS to CFS service means : 站到站
　　Cargo delivered to Carrier’s CFS to be packed
　　by Carrier; To be unpacked by Carrier at Carrier’s
　　destination port CFS; All at the risk and expense of
　　the cargo。A kind of cargo movement by container.
　　Delivered loose at origin point with vanning by carrier,
　　devanned by carrier at destination, and picked up
　　loose at destination.
　　D. CFS/CY ( S/Y) This CFS to CY service means : 站到场
　　Cargo delivered to Carrier’s CFS to be packed by
　　Carrier; Accepted by Consignee at Carrier’s CY
　　and Unpacked by Consignee off Carrier’s premises;
　　All at the risk and expense of the cargo.
　　E. D/D Door to Door 门到门
　　Containers can be fetched by carrier at sender’s place
　　by using lorries or rail cars and conveyed to container
　　terminal for loading. At the other end of journey the
　　container can be delivered at receiver’s place upon arrival.
　　F. Co-Load(-ing) 套约拼装
　　(1) The Combining of Cargo, in the import or export foreign
　　commerce of the U.S., by 2 or more NVOCCs for tendering
　　to the ocean carrier under the name of 1 master NVOCC.
　　套约拼装是指，美国外贸进出口业务中，2个以上NVOCC的
　　拼装货物以1个主装NVOCC的名义交远洋承运人出运
　　(2) Carrier engages in co-loading by tendering cargo and/or
　　receiving cargo from other NVOCCs.
　　承运人从别的NVOCC处接运货物进行套约拼装
　　(3) When shippers’ cargo is tendered for co-loading to other
　　NVOCCs the tendering NVOCC shall be liable to the shipper
　　to the full extent provided in its Bill of Lading and such Bill
　　of lading liability shall not be altered by co-loading.
　　接受托运人货物，尔后再跟别的NVOCC货物拼装，接载的
　　NVOCC对托运人货物承担其提单条款中所规定的所有责任；
　　责任的性质不因套约拼装而改变。
　　(4) Shippers are responsible for payment of rates and charges only
　　to the extent that such rates and charges are provided in this tariff.
　　托运人仅向接载NVOCC支付该NVOCC费率中规定的海运
　　费和其它附加费
　　(5) The carrier shall notify shippers that their cargo has been
　　co-loaded by annotating each applicable Bill of Lading
　　with the following statement ‘Cargo covered by this Bill of
　　Lading has been co-loaded with cargo of ( names of other
　　NVOCCs)
　　承运人应通知托运人其货物已与。。。拼装；注明该票提单
　　货已与另一家NVOCC货物拼装。
　　(6) Carrier-to-Carrier Co-loading---carrier engages in co-loading
　　under agreements with one or more other NVOCCs
　　承运人跟承运人拼装------承运人可以按合约跟1个或者多个
　　NVOCC拼装
　　(7) Shipper-to-Carrier Co-loading---when carrier engages in
　　co-loading on a Shipper-to- carrier basis, carrier is responsible
　　for the payment of all charges assessed by the NVOCC to which
　　cargo was tendered.
　　Shipper is responsible for freight and charges only to the extent
　　that such are set forth in this tariff.
　　托运人跟承运人拼装------承运人做‘托运人跟承运人拼装’时，
　　承运人应负责支付NVOCC所栏货源的海运费和附加费。托运人
　　仅按其费率规定支付费用

　　A． Is the master NVOCC the responsible filing party for all bills of
　　lading in a co-loaded container ?
　　套约拼装箱所有的提单货是否都由主装的那家NVOCC负责报备？
　　答：目前美国海关边防总署给‘ master NVOCC （主装NVOCC） ’
　　下的定义是：负责将箱子交由船舶承运人运输的NVOCC。具有自动
　　申报的主装NVOCC负责为不具备自动申报各方货物的报备。而不具
　　备自动申报条件的主装NVOCC则负责为不具备自动申报的各装家
　　向承运人提供书面的货物申报单。
　　B． If all the NVOCCs in a co-loaded box are ‘automated’, can each
　　NVOCC file the information needed from its own bills of lading in AMS ?
　　套约拼装箱各家NVOCC都具备自动申报能力，是否每家都可以通过
　　AMS各自报备自己提单货物的信息 ？
　　答：具备自动申报条件的主装NVOCC负责为向其提供书面申报的各家报备。
　　具有自动申报能力的NVOCC参与拼装必须通过AMS系统直接向美国
　　海关边防总署报备。不具备自动申报能力的NVOCC应向主装NVOCC
　　提供货物申报信息，由其再将信息传送致美国海关边防总署。不具备自
　　动申报条件的NVOCC在与一家具备自动申报能力的主装NVOCC拼
　　装时，不许将货物申报信息提供给船舶经营人。
　　C． If each NVOCC can file, does the vessel carrier need to know how
　　many NVOCCs are obliged to file in AMS for a container it is loading
　　and transporting, and how would it know this ? Will each co-loading
　　NVOCC have to list the vessel carrier as the Second Notify Party for its
　　filing to be acceptable ?
　　如果每家NVOCC都可以报备，船舶承运人有无必要知道它
　　所承运的拼装箱内到底有多少家是通过AMS报备 ？怎样才
　　能够知道 ？是否参与拼装的每家NVOCC都要把船舶承运人
　　列为第二通知方报备方可接受 ？
　　答：具备自动申报能力的NVOCC应报备所有提单货物信息的全部
　　数据并将船舶承运人列为第二通知方。AMS系统不会通知船舶
　　承运人拼装箱内到底有多少家NVOCC。即便是船舶承运人需
　　要了解，通过AMS系统也无从获得。很多承运人缮制表格让
　　具备自动申报条件的NVOCC填写，表格即可显示拼装箱内
　　有多少票提单货以及提单号。
　　D． The commentary states that if a non-automated NVOCC is
　　co-loading with an automated ‘master’ NVOCC, the non-automated
　　NVOCC ‘must fully disclose and present the required manifest for
　　their cargo to the automated NVOCC who would be required to
　　present this information to CBP via vessel AMS.’ If the non-automated
　　co-loading NVOCC does not want to give its bill of lading
　　information to the master NVOCC(a potential competitor), but comes
　　to the vessel carrier to file its cargo declaration information via
　　AMS, do the regulations permit this or is the AMS filing only to be
　　done by the automated NVOCC ?
　　评论称，如果一家非自动申报的NVOCC跟一家自动申报的主装
　　NVOCC拼装，前者必须将全部的舱单信息向后者公开，由后者
　　通过船舶的AMS系统向美国海关边防总署报备。如果参加拼装的
　　这家非自动申报NVOCC不想让一起拼装的主装NVOCC（潜在竞
　　争对手）知道提单信息，直接找到了船舶承运人通过他的AMS系
　　统进行报备，规定是否可以允许这样做 ？还是AMS报备必须要通
　　过具有自动申报的NVOCC来做 ？
　　答：请参看上述问题B）的回答。
　　What is lawful co-loading?
　　什么是合法CO-LOADING?
　　Two types:
　　二种类型：
　　Contract NVOCC issues its house bill of lading to Tendering NVOCC (“shipper-to-carrier” relationship).
　　签约NVOCC向交运货物的NVOCC签发提单（“托运人与承运人”关系）
　　Contract NVOCC enters into co-loading agreement with Tendering NVOCC
　　(“carrier-to-carrier” relationship).
　　签约NVOCC与交运货物的NVOCC签订CO-LOADING协议（“承运人与承运人”关系）
　　非法的货物 CO-LOADING
　　Carrier Failure to deal with Contract NVOCC.
　　承运人绕开直接与之签订服务合同的NVOCC接货
　　Shipping order submitted by Tendering (non-contract) NVOCC.
　　托（运）单由交运货物的NVOCC直接提供给承运人
　　Freight invoice issued to Tendering NVOCC.
　　承运人直接向交运货物的NVOCC开具运费发票
　　Freight paid by Tendering NVOCC.
　　运费由交运货物的NVOCC直接向承运人支付
　　Result: Violation of the Shipping Act.
　　结果：违反航运法
　　Carrier failure to confirm carrier-to-carrier agreement between NVOCCs.
　　承运人没有确定NVOCC之间的承运人与承运人协议
　　Must see copy of the agreement.
　　必须看到协议复印件
　　Such agreements are rare.
　　此类协议很少
　　Carrier may deal directly with Tendering NVOCC.
　　承运人可以直接与交运货物的无船承运人打交道
　　Violation of Shipping Act if done knowingly. Could occur in co-loading situation.
　　明知故犯地违反航运法可能在CO-LOADING情况下发生
　　NVOCC license may be revoked for: Failure to maintain a bond; or A violation of the Shipping Act.
　　由于以下原因无船承运人的营业执照可能被吊销：或没有保持保证金处于有效；或违反航运法行为
　　IPI Inland Points Intermodal。Inland carriage by
　　another mode of transportation after discharge 内陆点多式联运